Serology
Serology has been important in epidemiologic and disease-association studies. C. trachomatis antibodies start to appear at the sexually active age and peak at about 30 years of age. They are more often found in females than in males. In individual C. trachomatis infections, however, serologic tests lack precision in detecting acute infections and are of questionable value. The infection is often superficial without detectable systemic immune response (seroconversion). Proper antibiotic therapy can delay or even prevent antibody formation. Microimmunofluorescence (MIF) testing can differentiate between species and even immunotypes. It is, however, technically demanding and can be performed in few laboratories. MIF testing is usable in lymphogranuloma venereum, perihepatitis and infant pneumonitis, and it can also give a clue to the etiology of infertility and the triggering agent in reactive arthritis.
Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) based on purified chlamydial EBs, chlamydial LPS (group antigen) or peptides are commercially available but have not gained wide popularity. Their use in infertility studies can suggest tubal occlusions
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